I. POLICE

• A. Overview
• B. National Police Organization
  • 1. The National Public Safety Commission
  • 2. The National Police Agency
• C. Local Police Organization
  • 1. The Prefectural Public Safety Commission
  • 2. Prefectural Police Headquarters

II. PROSECUTION

• A. Qualification
• B. Organization
• C. Functions and Jurisdiction
• D. Status (Independence and Impartiality)

III. COURTS

• A. Structure
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. The Supreme Court
  • 3. The High Court
  • 4. The District Court
  • 5. The Family Court
  • 6. The Summary Court
• B. Judges
  • 1. Appointment of Judges
  • 2. Categories and Qualifications of Judges

IV. CORRECTIONS

• A. Organization of the Correctional Administration
  • 1. Penal Institutions
  • 2. Juvenile Correctional Institutions
• B. Correctional Officials

V. REHABILITATION

• A. Organization and Function
• B. Personnel
  • 1. Probation Officers
  • 2. Rehabilitation Co-ordinators
• C. Volunteers and the Voluntary Sector
  • 1. Volunteer Probation Officers
  • 2. Entities for Offenders Rehabilitation Services
  • 3. Others

I. PENAL CODE OFFENCES

• A. Trends in Penal Code Offences
• B. Trends in Some Major Crimes

II. SPECIAL LAW OFFENCES

I. INTRODUCTION

II. CONSTITUTIONAL SAFEGUARDS

III. INVESTIGATIVE AGENCIES

IV. INVESTIGATION PROCESS

• A. Overview
• B. Initiating a Criminal Investigation
• C. Arrest
• D. Post-Arrest Procedure
• E. Collection of Evidence
  • 1. Taking Statements
  • 2. Interrogation of Suspects
  • 3. Searches and Seizures
• F. The Right to Counsel
• G. Bail

V. DISPOSITION OF CASES

• A. Responsibility for Prosecution
  • 1. Principle
  • 2. Exception
• B. Forms of Prosecution
  • 1. Formal Prosecution (Indictment)
  • 2. Summary Prosecution (Request for a Summary Order)
• C. Non-prosecution of Cases
  • 1. Insufficiency of Evidence
  • 2. Suspension of Prosecution
• D. Cooperative Agreements
• E. Safeguards against Arbitrary Disposition
  • 1. Committee for Inquest of Prosecution
  • 2. Quasi-Prosecution
• F. Assistance and Protection for Crime Victims and Their Participation in the Criminal Justice Process
  • 1. Victim Notification Programme
  • 2. Victim participation and victim protection at the trial stage
  • 3. Compensation for crime victims

I. SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES AND CHARACTERISTICS

• A. Presumption of Innocence
• B. Public Trials
• C. Right to Remain Silent
• D. Right to Counsel
• E. Adversarial Procedure
• F. No Arraignment
• G. Single Stage Procedure

II. Saiban-In Trials

III. TRIAL PROCEEDINGS

• A. Procedure before Trial
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Pretrial Conference Procedure
• B. Trial
  • 1. Opening Proceeding
  • 2. Examination of Evidence
  • 3. Questioning of Defendants
  • 4. Closing Arguments
  • 5. Victim Participation at Trial
• C. Rules of Evidence
  • 1. Hearsay Rule
  • 2. Hearsay Exceptions
  • 3. Confessions
  • 4. Exclusionary Rule
• D. Adjudication and Sentencing
• E. Length of Trial

IV. APPEALS

• A. Appeals to the High Court
• B. Final Appeals to the Supreme Court

V. EXTRAORDINARY REMEDIES

VI. PUNISHMENT

• A. Categories
  • 1. Overview
  • 2. Death Penalty
  • 3. Imprisonment
  • 4. Fine, Misdemeanour Imprisonment without Work, Petty Fine
• B. Suspension of Execution of Sentence
• C. Outcomes of Court Proceedings
  • 1. Formal Trials
  • 2. Summary Proceedings
• D. Parole

VII. COMPENSATION FOR INNOCENCE

VIII. SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR JUVENILE CASES

I. INTRODUCTION

II. TREATMENT OF INMATES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS

• A. Trends in the Inmate Population in Penal Institutions
• B. Philosophy of the Treatment of Inmates
• C. Correctional Treatment of Sentenced Inmates
  • 1. Assessment for Treatment
  • 2. Prison Work
  • 3. Guidance for Reform
  • 4. Guidance in School Courses
• D. Complaints Mechanism
  • 1. Claim for Review and Reclaim for Review
  • 2. Report of Cases
  • 3. Filing of Complaints
• E. Penal Institution Visiting Committee
• F. Act on the Transnational Transfer of Sentenced Persons

III. TREATMENT OF JUVENILES IN JUVENILE CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES

• A. Juvenile Classification Homes
  • 1. Background
  • 2. Recent trends
  • 3. Classification
  • 4. Working with community
• B. Juvenile training schools
  • 1. Background
  • 2. Recent trends
  • 3. Classifications of juvenile training schools
  • 4. Personalized correctional education programme
  • 5. Correctional education
  • 6. Cooperation with custodians
  • 7. Supporting reintegration into society

I. PAROLE

• A. Overview
  • 1. Parole Examination
  • 2. Parole Decision
  • 3. Pre-parole Inquiry by the Probation Officers
  • 4. Coordination of Social Circumstances

II. PAROLE AND PROBATIONARY SUPERVISION OF ADULT OFFENDERS

• A. Overview
  • 1. Adult Parolees
  • 2. Adult Probationers
• B. Parole and Probation Conditions
  • 1. General Conditions
  • 2. Special Conditions
  • 3. Life and Conduct Guidelines
• C. Parole and Probationary Supervision
  • 1. General Framework
  • 2. Intake Interviews and Treatment Plans
  • 3. Role of Probation Officers and Volunteer Probation Officers
  • 4. Day Offices
  • 5. Progressive Treatment
  • 6. Categorized Treatment
  • 7. Treatment Programmes as Special Conditions
  • 8. Comprehensive Job Assistance Scheme
  • 9. Offenders Rehabilitation Facilities (Halfway House)
  • 10. National Centre for Offenders Rehabilitation
  • 11. Self-Reliance Support Homes
  • 12. Community Life Stabilizing Support Centers
  • 13. Social Contribution Activities
• D. Termination of Parole and Probation
  • 1. Measures for Good Conduct
  • 2. Measures against Bad Conduct
• E. Outcome of Parole and Probation

III. PAROLE AND PROBATIONARY SUPERVISION OF JUVENILES

• A. Overview
  • 1. Juvenile Parolees
  • 2. Juvenile Probationers
• B. Parole and Probation Conditions
• C. Parole and Probationary Supervision
  • 1. Short -Term Programmes for Juvenile Probationers
  • 2. Social Contribution Activities/Social Participation Activities
  • 3. Treatment of Juveniles Who Have Committed Heinous/Serious Offences
  • 4. Measures for Guardians
• D. Termination of Parole and Probation
  • 1. Measures for Good Conduct
  • 2. Measures against Bad Conduct
• E. Outcome of Parole and Probation

IV. AFTERCARE OF DISCHARGED OFFENDERS

V. PARDONS

VI. MEASURES FOR CRIME VICTIMS

VII. MEDICAL HEALTH SUPERVISION

VIII. CRIME PREVENTION ACTIVITIES