I. POLICE

• A. Overview
• B. National Police Organization
  • 1. The National Public Safety Commission
  • 2. The National Police Agency
• C. Local Police Organization
  • 1. The Prefectural Public Safety Commission
  • 2. Prefectural Police Headquarters

II. PROSECUTION

• A. Qualification
• B. Organization
• C. Functions and Jurisdiction
• D. Status (Independence and Impartiality)

III. COURTS

• A. Structure
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. The Supreme Court
  • 3. The High Court
  • 4. The District Court
  • 5. The Family Court
  • 6. The Summary Court
• B. Judges
  • 1. Appointment of Judges
  • 2. Categories and Qualifications of Judges

IV. CORRECTIONS

• A. Organization of the Correctional Administration
  • 1. Penal Institutions
  • 2. Juvenile Correctional Institutions
• B. Correctional Officials

V. REHABILITATION

• A. Organization and Function
• B. Personnel
  • 1. Probation Officers
  • 2. Rehabilitation Co-ordinators
• C. Volunteers and the Voluntary Sector
  • 1. Volunteer Probation Officers
  • 2. Juridical Persons for Offenders Rehabilitation Services
  • 3. Others

I. PENAL CODE OFFENCES

• A. Trends in Penal Code Offences
• B. Trends in Some Major Crimes

II. SPECIAL LAW OFFENCES

I. INTRODUCTION

II. CONSTITUTIONAL SAFEGUARDS

III. INVESTIGATIVE AGENCIES

IV. INVESTIGATION PROCESS

• A. Overview
• B. Initiating a Criminal Investigation
• C. Arrest
• D. Post-Arrest Procedure
• E. Collection of Evidence
  • 1. Taking Statements
  • 2. Interrogation of Suspects
  • 3. Searches and Seizures
• F. The Right to Counsel
• G. Bail

V. DISPOSITION OF CASES

• A. Responsible for Prosecution
  • 1. Principle
  • 2. Exception
• B. Forms of Prosecution
  • 1. Formal Prosecution (Indictment)
  • 2. Summary Prosecution (Request for a Summary Order)
• C. Non-prosecution of Cases
  • 1. No Offence Committed
  • 2. Insufficiency of Evidence
  • 3. Suspension of Prosecution
• D. Safeguards against Arbitrary Disposition
  • 1. Internal Administrative Review
  • 2. Committee for Inquest of Prosecution
  • 3. Quasi-Prosecution
• E. Victim Notification Programme

I. SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES AND CHARACTERISTICS

• A. Presumption of Innocence
• B. Public Trials
• C. Right to Remain Silent
• D. Right to Counsel
• E. Adversarial Procedure
• F. No Arraignment
• G. Single Stage Procedure

II. Saiban-In Trials

III. TRIAL PROCEEDINGS

• A. Procedure before Trial
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Disclosure
  • 3. Pretrial Conference Procedure
• B. Trial
  • 1. Opening Proceeding
  • 2. Examination of Evidence
  • 3. Questioning of Defendants
  • 4. Closing Arguments
  • 5. Victim Participation at Trial
• C. Rules of Evidence
  • 1. Hearsay Rule
  • 2. Hearsay Exceptions
  • 3. Confessions
  • 4. Exclusionary Rule
• D. Adjudication and Sentencing
• E. Length of Trial

IV. APPEALS

• A. Koso Appeals
• B. Jokoku Appeals

V. EXTRAORDINARY REMEDIES

VI. PUNISHMENT

• A. Categories
  • 1. Overview
  • 2. Death Penalty
  • 3. Imprisonment
  • 4. Fine, Misdemeanour Imprisonment without Work, Petty Fine
• B. Suspension of Execution of Sentence
• C. Outcomes of Court Proceedings
  • 1. Formal Trials
  • 2. Summary Proceedings
• D. Parole

VII. COMPENSATION FOR INNOCENCE

VIII. SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR JUVENILE CASES

I. INTRODUCTION

II. EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF INMATES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS

• A. Trends in the Inmate Population in Penal Institutions
• B. Philosophy of the Treatment of Inmates
• C. Correctional Treatment of Sentenced Inmates
  • 1. Assessment for Treatment
  • 2. Prison Work
  • 3. Guidance for Reform
  • 4. Guidance in School Courses
• D. Complaints Mechanism
  • 1. Claim for Review and Reclaim for Review
  • 2. Report of Cases
  • 3. Filing of Complaints
• E. Penal Institution Visiting Committee
• F. Act on the Transnational Transfer of Sentenced Persons

III. EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF JUVENILES IN JUVENILE TRAINING SCHOOLS

• A. Overview
  • 1. Structure of Juvenile Training Schools
  • 2. Outline of the Treatment Process
• B. Correctional Education
  • 1. Living Guidance
  • 2. Vocational Guidance
  • 3. Academic Education
  • 4. Health and Physical Education
  • 5. Special Activities
• C. Medical Care

I. PAROLE

• A. Overview
  • 1. Parole Examination
  • 2. Parole Decision
  • 3. Pre-parole Inquiry by Probation Officers
  • 4. Coordination of Social Circumstances

II. PAROLE AND PROBATIONARY SUPERVISION OF ADULT OFFENDERS

• A. Overview
  • 1. Adult Parolees
  • 2. Adult Probationers
• B. Probation and Parole Conditions
  • 1. General Conditions
  • 2. Special Conditions
  • 3. Life and Conduct Guidelines
• C. Implementation of Probationary and Parole Supervision
  • 1. General Framework
  • 2. Intake Interviews and Treatment Plans
  • 3. Role of Probation Officers and Volunteer Probation Officers
  • 4. Day Offices
  • 5. Progressive Treatment
  • 6. Categorized Treatment
  • 7. Treatment Programmes as Special Probation Conditions
  • 8. Comprehensive Job Assistance Scheme
  • 9. National Centre for Offenders Rehabilitation Project
  • 10. Community Settlement Support Centers
  • 11. Self-Reliance Support Homes
  • 12. Social Contribution Activities
• D. Termination of Probation and Parole
  • 1. Measures for Good Conduct
  • 2. Measures against Bad Conduct
• E. Outcome of Probation and Parole

III. PAROLE AND PROBATIONARY SUPERVISION OF JUVENILES

• A. Overview
  • 1. Juvenile Parolees
  • 2. Juvenile Probationers
• B. Probation and Parole Conditions
• C. Implementation of Probationary and Parole Supervision
  • 1. Short -Term Programmes for Juvenile Probationers
  • 2. Social Contribution Activities/Social Participation Activities
  • 3. Treatment of Juveniles Who Have Committed Heinous/Serious Offence
  • 4. Measures for Guardians
• D. Termination of Probation and Parole
  • 1. Measures for Good Conduct
  • 2. Measures against Bad Conduct
• E. Outcome of Probation and Parole

IV. AFTERCARE OF DISCHARGED OFFENDERS

V. PARDONS

VI. MEASURES FOR CRIME VICTIMS

VII. MEDICAL HEALTH SUPERVISION

VIII. CRIME PREVENTION ACTIVITIES