I. POLICE

• A. Overview
• B. National Police Organization
  • 1. The National Public Safety Commission
  • 2. The National Police Agency
• C. Local Police Organization
  • 1. The Prefectural Public Safety Commission
  • 2. Prefectural Police Headquarters

II. PROSECUTION

• A. Qualification
• B. Organization
• C. Functions and Jurisdiction
• D. Status (Independence and Impartiality)

III. COURTS

• A. Structure
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. The Supreme Court
  • 3. The High Court
  • 4. The District Court
  • 5. The Family Court
  • 6. The Summary Court
• B. Judges
  • 1. Appointment of Judges
  • 2. Categories and Qualifications of Judges

IV. CORRECTIONS

• A. Organization of the Correctional Administration
  • 1. Penal Institutions
  • 2. Juvenile Correctional Institutions
• B. Correctional Officials

V. REHABILITATION

• A. Organization and Function
• B. Personnel
  • 1. Probation Officers
  • 2. Rehabilitation Coordinators
• C. Volunteers and the Voluntary Sector
  • 1. Hogoshi (Volunteer Probation Officers)
  • 2. Entities for Offenders Rehabilitation Services
  • 3. Others

I. PENAL CODE OFFENCES

• A. Trends in Penal Code Offences
• B. Trends in Some Major Crimes

II. SPECIAL LAW OFFENCES

I. INTRODUCTION

II. CONSTITUTIONAL SAFEGUARDS

III. INVESTIGATIVE AGENCIES

IV. INVESTIGATION PROCESS

• A. Overview
• B. Initiating a Criminal Investigation
• C. Arrest
• D. Post-Arrest Procedure
• E. Collection of Evidence
  • 1. Taking Statements
  • 2. Interrogation of Suspects
  • 3. Searches and Seizures
• F. The Right to Counsel
• G. Bail

V. DISPOSITION OF CASES

• A. Responsibility for Prosecution
  • 1. Principle
  • 2. Exception
• B. Forms of Prosecution
  • 1. Formal Prosecution (Indictment)
  • 2. Summary Prosecution (Request for a Summary Order)
• C. Non-prosecution of Cases
  • 1. Insufficiency of Evidence
  • 2. Suspension of Prosecution
• D. Prosecutorial Agreement System
• E. Safeguards against Arbitrary Disposition
  • 1. Committee for Inquest of Prosecution
  • 2. Quasi-Prosecution
• F. Assistance and Protection for Crime Victims and Their Participation in the Criminal Justice Process
  • 1. Victim Notification Programme
  • 2. Victim Participation and Victim Protection at the Trial Stage
  • 3. Compensation for Crime Victims

I. SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES AND CHARACTERISTICS

• A. Presumption of Innocence
• B. Public Trials
• C. Right to Remain Silent
• D. Right to Counsel
• E. Adversarial Procedure
• F. No Arraignment
• G. Single Stage Procedure

II. Saiban-In Trials

III. TRIAL PROCEEDINGS

• A. Procedure before Trial
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Pretrial Conference Procedure
• B. Trial
  • 1. Opening Proceeding
  • 2. Examination of Evidence
  • 3. Questioning of Defendants
  • 4. Closing Arguments
  • 5. Victim Participation at Trial
• C. Rules of Evidence
  • 1. Hearsay Rule
  • 2. Hearsay Exceptions
  • 3. Confessions
  • 4. Exclusionary Rule
• D. Adjudication and Sentencing
• E. Length of Trial

IV. APPEALS

• A. Appeals to the High Court
• B. Final Appeals to the Supreme Court

V. EXTRAORDINARY REMEDIES

VI. PUNISHMENT

• A. Categories
  • 1. Overview
  • 2. Death Penalty
  • 3. Imprisonment
  • 4. Fine, Penal Detention, Petty Fine
• B. Suspension of Execution of Sentence
• C. Outcomes of Court Proceedings
  • 1. Formal Trials
  • 2. Summary Proceedings
• D. Parole

VII. COMPENSATION FOR INNOCENCE

VIII. SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR JUVENILE CASES

I. INTRODUCTION

II. TREATMENT OF INMATES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS

• A. Trends in the Inmate Population in Penal Institutions
• B. Philosophy of the Treatment of Inmates
• C. Correctional Treatment of Sentenced Inmates
  • 1. Assessment for Treatment
  • 2. Prison Work for the Purpose of Improvement and Rehabilitation
  • 3. Guidance for Reform
  • 4. Guidance in School Courses
• D. Complaints Mechanism
  • 1. Claim for Review and Appeal
  • 2. Report of Cases
  • 3. Filing of Complaints
  • 4. Complaints in Juvenile Correctional Facilities
• E. Correctional Institution Visiting Committee
• F. Act on the Transnational Transfer of Sentenced Persons

III. TREATMENT OF JUVENILES IN JUVENILE CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES

• A. Juvenile Assessment Centres
  • 1. Background
  • 2. Recent trends
  • 3. Classification
  • 4. Working with the Community
• B. Juvenile Training Schools
  • 1. Background
  • 2. Recent trends
  • 3. Classes of Juvenile Training Schools
  • 4. Individual Plan for Correctional Education
  • 5. Correctional Education
  • 6. Cooperation with Parents or Other Custodians

I. PAROLE

• A. Overview
  • 1. Parole Examination
  • 2. Parole Decision
  • 3. Pre-parole Inquiry by the Probation Officers
  • 4. Re-entry Coordination

II. PAROLE AND PROBATIONARY SUPERVISION OF ADULT OFFENDERS

• A. Overview
  • 1. Adult Parolees
  • 2. Adult Probationers
• B. Parole and Probation Conditions
  • 1. General Conditions
  • 2. Special Conditions
  • 3. Life and Conduct Guidelines
• C. Parole and Probationary Supervision
  • 1. General Framework
  • 2. Intake Interviews and Treatment Plans
  • 3. Role of Probation Officers and Hogoshi
  • 4. Day Offices
  • 5. Progressive Treatment
  • 6. Categorized Treatment
  • 7. Treatment Programmes as Special Conditions
  • 8. Comprehensive Job Assistance Scheme
  • 9. Offenders Rehabilitation Facilities (Halfway House)
  • 10. National Centre for Offenders Rehabilitation
  • 11. Self-Reliance Support Homes
  • 12. Community Life Stabilizing Support Centers
  • 13. Social Contribution Activities
• D. Termination of Parole and Probation
  • 1. Measures for Good Conduct
  • 2. Measures against Inappropriate Conduct
• E. Outcome of Parole and Probation

III. PAROLE AND PROBATIONARY SUPERVISION OF JUVENILES

• A. Overview
  • 1. Juvenile Parolees
  • 2. Juvenile Probationers
• B. Parole and Probation Conditions
• C. Parole and Probationary Supervision
  • 1. Short -Term Programmes for Juvenile Probationers
  • 2. Social Contribution Activities and Social Participation Activities
  • 3. Treatment of Juveniles Who Have Committed Heinous or Serious Offences
  • 4. Measures for Guardians
• D. Termination of Parole and Probation
  • 1. Measures for Good Conduct
  • 2. Measures against Inappropriate Conduct
• E. Outcome of Parole and Probation

IV. AFTERCARE OF DISCHARGED OFFENDERS

V. PARDONS

VI. MEASURES FOR CRIME VICTIMS

VII. MEDICAL TREATMENT AND SUPERVISION

VIII. CRIME PREVENTION ACTIVITIES

I. THE ACT FOR THE PREVENTION OF RECIDIVISM AND THE RECIDIVISM PREVENTION PLAN

• A. The Act for the Prevention of Recidivism
• B. The Recidivism Prevention Plan

II. CASE STUDIES OF INITIATIVES FOR REDUCING REOFFENDING

• A. Introduction
  B. Housing Support in Collaboration with the MOJ and Other Relevant Ministries [The Chugoku Regional Parole Board]
  • 1. Toward the Establishment of a Housing Support Council
  • 2. Considering a System for Providing Housing Support to People Released from Prison and Others Facing Various Challenges
  C. The Regional Reducing Reoffending Project [Recidivism Prevention Promotion Office, Secretarial Division, Minister's Secretariat, Ministry of Justice]
• D. Activities of Community Volunteers and Other Cooperating Private-Sector Entities
  • 1. The Hogoshi System
  • 2. Hearsay Exceptions
  • 3. Cooperating Employers
  • 4. Other Cooperating Members of the Private Sector